CHOICES Modeled Outcomes Glossary

Modeled Output	Definition
Cost-Effectiveness Metrics
Obesity-Related Health Care Costs	Over 10 years, the amount of obesity-related health care costs saved. This includes cost by all payers (private, out-of-pocket and government).
Net Costs (Negative means savings)	This is a cumulative measure of total cost impact. Net cost equals total health care costs saved over 10 years minus the total cost to implement the intervention over 10 years.
Health Care Costs Saved Per $1 Invested (10 year total)	The amount saved in health care cost for every dollar spent to implement the intervention over 10 years.
Intervention Cost per BMI Unit Reduction per Person, $	The cost per person affected to reduce a BMI unit.
Net Cost per Year with Obesity Prevented	The total cost impact (including implementation costs, implementation cost savings and health care cost savings) to prevent someone living with obesity for a year.
Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) Gained	The number of Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) gained in 10 years due to the intervention. The QALYs measure accounts for both length and quality of life.
Net Cost per Quality-Adjusted Life Year (QALY) Gained	If intervention costs less than the health care costs saved, it is considered a “cost-saving” intervention. If it costs more to implement than is saved in health care costs, this metric equals the amount it costs to gain each additional QALY.
Net Cost per Life Year Gained (If intervention costs more than health care costs saved)	If intervention costs less than the health care costs saved, it is considered a “cost-saving” intervention. If it costs more to implement than is saved in health care costs, this metric equals the amount it costs to gain each additional year of life.
Net Cost per Death Prevented (If intervention costs more than health care costs saved)	If intervention costs less than the health care costs saved , it is considered a “cost-saving” intervention. If it costs more to implement than is saved in health care costs, this metric equals the amount it costs to prevent each death.
Cost
Annual Intervention Cost	Annual average cost to implement intervention during the 10 years modeled. These costs include government and private sector expenses.
Cost per Person (10 year total)	The cost per person affected to implement this intervention over 10 years. This includes cost by all payers (government, private sector, non-profit, individual/family).
Reach
First Year Population Reach*	The number of people affected by the intervention immediately.
Ten Year Population Reach*	The number of people directly affected by the intervention over the ten years of modeling.
Effect
Decrease in 12-oz Servings of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSBs) per Person in the First Year*	Projected decrease in average consumption per adult and child of sugar-sweetened beverages in 12-ounce servings due to the intervention in the first year after the tax goes into effect.
Total Decrease in Gallons of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSBs) Consumed in the First Year*	Projected decrease in total consumption by adults and children of sugar-sweetened beverages in gallons due to the intervention in the first year after the tax goes into effect.
Intervention Effect, 1-yr BMI Change	The average BMI unit reduction per person affected by the intervention.
Cases of Obesity Prevented, Thousands* (In the final year of the model)	In the final year of the model, the difference in the projected number of people with obesity if there had been no intervention, and the projected number of people with obesity with the intervention.
Cases of Child Obesity Prevented, Thousands* (In the final year of the model)	The difference in the projected number of children with obesity in the final year of the model if there had been no intervention, and the projected number of children with obesity in the final year of the model with the intervention.
Cases of Diabetes Prevented* (For interventions focusing on reducing sugary beverage consumption)	The number of adults who would not develop Type-2 diabetes (diagnosed) because of the projected reductions in sugar-sweetened beverage intake due to the intervention.
Years with Obesity Prevented, Thousands (10 year total)	The total number of person-years lived without obesity. This measure sums up portions of years lived without obesity across all the persons in the model, comparing the result for the population exposed to the intervention with the population not exposed to the intervention.
Life Years Gained	The total number of years of life that are gained by the intervention.
Deaths Prevented*	The total number of deaths that the intervention prevents due to reductions in obesity over 10 years.

All metrics reported for the population over a 10-year period and discounted at 3% per year, unless otherwise noted. Definitions for these modeled outputs are all written assuming that an intervention is implemented. 

* Not discounted.